Alternate Names: Routine eye examination; Eye exam - standard
How Performed: The eye doctor will take a history by asking a series of questions about your medical and ocular history and any noticeable eye problems.
Eye movement (see extraocular muscle function) and peripheral vision (see visual fields) are tested by moving a light or object through the field of vision. Color blindness is tested using multicolored dots that form numbers (see color vision test). Color blind people are not able to detect certain numbers or may see a different number than people who are not color blind.
The retina, fundus (back of the eye), retinal vessels, and optic nerve head (optic disc) are viewed with an ophthalmoscope (a device made up of a light and magnifier). This procedure is known as an ophthalmoscopy. Drops that dilate the pupil are usually used to allow more of the fundus to be viewed.
Visual acuity (vision) is typically determined using the Snellen Chart or other eye charts. The Snellen chart consists of random letters of different sizes. The letters for normal vision (20/20) are 3/8-inch tall when viewed at 20 feet. People with perfect vision can read these letters. A refraction test may also be performed to determine the necessity for corrective lenses.
Glaucoma testing (tonometry) and evaluation of the cornea (fluorescein eye stain) can also be done if necessary.
How To Prepare: Make an appointment with the eye doctor (some take walk-in patients).
Avoid eye strain the day of the test.
Arrange transportation, since your pupils will be dilated.
Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child’s age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child’s age:
How It Feels: The tests cause no pain or discomfort.
Risks: If your pupils are dilated during the ophthalmoscopy, vision will be blurred and sunlight can damage your eye. Wear dark glasses or shade your eyes to avoid discomfort.
Why Performed: This test should be performed on a regular basis to detect eye problems early and help determine the cause of noticeable changes in vision.
Some professions (such as pilots, military, personnel, and professional drivers) require eye tests.
Normal Values:
- 20/20 (normal) vision
- able to differentiate colors
- no signs of glaucoma
- normal optic nerve, retinal vessels, and fundus
Abnormal Results:
Cost:
Special Considerations: Many eye diseases, if detected early, are curable or can be treated.
