Alternate Names: Loss of weight
Considerations: There are many causes of unintentional weight loss including endocrine, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric disorders, as well as nutritional deficiencies, infections, tumors and neurological disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is rare. It appears almost exclusively in adolescent girls. While many teenagers go through a phase of excess dieting (see intentional weight loss), only a few actually develop anorexia nervosa. Of those who do, up to 15% die from complications of the condition. Anorexic girls tend to come from families that often talk about the "right" amounts or kinds of things to eat, and these girls may use their refusal to eat as a way to manipulate their parents. See also bulimia.
Common Causes:
Home Care: Practice moderation and maintain a balanced program in both diet and exercise. For weight loss caused by oral or dental problems, see the dentist. For weight loss caused by disease, follow prescribed therapy in treating the underlying cause.
Call If:
- an adolescent daughter (or son) has an unrealistic image of herself (himself) as being too fat and seems to be dieting excessively.
- weight loss is excessive (greater than 10% of normal body weight) and unexplained.
- weight loss is accompanied by other unexplained symptoms.
What To Expect: The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed.
Medical history questions documenting weight loss in detail may include:
- time pattern
- When did the weight loss begin?
- Has it been sudden or gradual?
- quality
- How much weight has been lost?
- Has appetite decreased?
- Has amount or kinds of food eaten changed?
- Has physical activity level increased?
- aggravating factors
- accompanying symptoms
- additional important information
- What medications/drugs are being taken?
- Diuretics?
- Laxatives?
- Alcohol?
- "Street drugs"?
- Has there been severe depression?
- How is the body image--is there an awareness of weight loss? How does the person feel about the weight loss--pleased or concerned?
The physical examination may include a general physical examination and a measurement of the body weight.
Diagnostic tests that may be performed are:- nutritional assessment
- blood tests including a chemistry profile
Intervention:
Psychological counseling may be recommended in cases where anorexia nervosa or depression are the cause of the weight loss. In the early stages, anorexia nervosa may be best treated in a hospital with close supervision. Even after anorexia nervosa has apparently been cured, an individual who has had it should visit the doctor periodically. Relapse is not uncommon.
For weight loss caused by a chronic illness, tube feeding may be administered in order to maintain nutrition and to prevent edema, poor healing, and muscle wasting.
The patient may be referred to a dietitian for nutritional counseling.
After seeing your health care provider:
You may want to add a diagnosis related to unintentional weight loss to your personal medical record.
