Causes and Risks:

The cause is unknown. No risk factors are known.

Prevention:

No preventive measures are known.

Symptoms:

Painless swelling of the tissue around the eye with bulging of the eye.

Signs and Tests:

The changes of pseudotumor are obvious on examination of the eye. Special studies with ultrasound, x-ray, or biopsy may be needed to differentiate pseudotumor from true tumor.

Treatment:

Mild cases may regress without treatment. More severe cases will usually respond to treatment with corticosteroids. Very severe cases may develop damaging pressure on the eye and require surgical movement of the bones of the orbit to decompress the eyeball.

Prognosis:

Most cases are mild and do well. Severe cases may be resistant to treatment and visual loss may occur. The disease usually involves only one eye.

Complications:

Severe cases may push the eye forward to the extent that the lids can no longer protect the cornea, and damage to cornea clarity or corneal ulcer may occur. The ability of the eye muscles to aim the eye may suffer interference, and double vision may result.

Patients with pseudotumor will be closely followed by an ophthalmologist with experience in treatment of orbital disease. If irritation of the cornea, redness, pain, or decreased vision occurs, urgent evaluation should be accomplished.